Annotated examples

Note: In the examples, XML opening brackets "<" are followed by a space, to avoid confusion with HTML code that might occur in some browsers.

For the anchoring of DiAML annotations to the primary text, it is assumed that functional segments are defined at another level of analysis, such as morphosyntactic annotation, and havd XML identifiers like "fs1" and "fs2", respectively. Following ISO and TEI conventions, references to identifiers introduced within the same annotation or at another level of analysis are preceded by the symbol "#". (See also the annotation guidelines.)

First some examples are shown of the DIT++ annotation of short, very simple dialogue fragments, using the DiAML representation language. The annotations of a complete spoken human-computer dialogue (from a Wizard-of-Oz experiment) is shown next, and finally the annotation of an extended fragment is represented of a multimodal human-human dialogue from the HCRC Map Task corpus.

Short dialogue fragments

Example 1
Example 1 is a two-turn dialogue fragment. Each of the two turns constitutes a single functional segment in only one dimension (Task), and does not display any multifunctionality.

Dialogue fragment:
1. P1: Do you know where I should check in for Munich?
2. P2: For Munich go to counters 31 to 40.

Functional segments:
fs1 = "Do you know where I should check in for Munich?"
fs2 = "For Munich go to counters 31 to 40."

DiAML annotation:

< diaml xmlns:"http://www.iso.org/diaml/"/> 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da1" target="#fs1" 
  speaker="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="setQuestion" dimension="task" 
  conditionality="conditional"/> 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da2" target="#fs2" 
  speaker="#p2" addressee="#p1" 
  communicativeFunction="answer" dimension="task"/> 
< functionalDependence dact="#da2" functAntecedent="#da1"/> 
< /diaml>

Example 2
Example 2 is a two-turn fragment where the first turn is a functional segment, fs1, and the second turn contains two functional segments: fs2.2 is everything said by participant P2 in this turn 2, and the first part of it, which repeats material for the previous turn, forms the functional segment fs2.1, which has a communicative function in the Auto-Feedback dimension. P1's utterance in the first turn is interpreted as a conditional request (Please tell me where I should check in for Munich, if you have that information); this is represented in DiAML as a dialogue act with the communicative function Request with the qualifier conditional. Participant P2 provides the requested information in segment fs2.2, hence this segment should be annotated as an Answer which has a functional dependence relation to P1's request.

Dialogue fragment:
1. P1: Do you know what time the next train to Utrecht leaves?
2. P2: The next train to Utrecht leaves I think at 8.32.

Functional segments:
fs1 = "Do you know what time the next train to Utrecht leaves?"
fs2.1 = "The next train to Utrecht leaves"
fs2.2 = "The next train to Utrecht leaves I think at 8.32."

DiAML annotation:

< diaml: xmlns:"http://www.iso.org/diaml/">
< dialogueAct xml:id="da1" target="fs1" 
    sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
    communicativeFunction="setQuestion" dimension="task" 
    conditionality="conditional"/> 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da2" target="fs2.1"/>
    sender="#p2" addressee="#p1"
    communicativeFunction="autoFeedbackPositive" dimension="autoFeedback"/>
< feedbackDependence dact="#da2" fbSegment="#fs1">
< dialogueAct xml:id="da3" target="fs2.2"/>
    sender="#p2" addressee="#p1"
    communicativeFunction="answer" dimension="task"/>
< functionalDependence dact="#da3" functAntecdent="#da1">
< /diaml>

Example 3
Example 3, a three-turn dialogue fragment of a dialogue from the HCRC Map Task corpus, again has turns coinciding with functional segments. The example illustrates the use of general-purpose functions for addressing another dimension than that of the task. Participant P2 checks that he understood the previous instruction correctly, producing a Check Question in the Auto-Feedback dimension. Participant P2 confirms P1's understanding, thus addressing P1's processing of that same instruction, i.e. performing a Confirm act in the Allo-Feedback dimension. The example also illustrates the use of feedback and functional dependency relations. P1's contribution has a feedback relation to the functional segment ("fs1") expressing the previous instruction, while P2's contribution has both a functional dependency relation to the Check Question that it reacts to, and a feedback dependency relation to the functional segment of that same previous instruction.

Dialogue fragment and functional segments:
1. P1: Move up (= fs1)
2. P2: Slightly northeast? (= fs2)
3. P1: Yeah very slightly. (= fs3)
(From HCRC Map Task, Carletta et al., 1998)

DiAML annotation:

< diaml xmlns:"http://www.iso.org/diaml/">
< dialogueAct xml:id="da1"  target="#fs1"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="instruct" dimension="task"/> 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da2"  target="#fs2"
  sender="#p2" addressee="#p1" 
  communicativeFunction="checkQuestion"   dimension="autoFeedback"/> 
< feedbackDependence dact="#da2 fbSegment="fs1"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da3"   target="#fs3"
  sender="#p2" addressee="#p1" 
  communicativeFunction="confirm" dimension="alloFeedback"/> 
< functionalDependence dact="da3" functAntecedent="#da2"/>
< /diaml>

Example 4
Example 4 shows a two-turn dialogue fragment of a dialogue from the TRAINS corpus (Allen et al., 1994) which illustrates the use of a dimension-specific function (Correct Misspeaking) in the dimension of Partner Communication Management (PCM). Notice that PCM acta refer to what the main speaker is doing at that moment, as opposed to allo-feedback acts, which refer to what was said in a previous turn. Still, the relation between the Correct Misspeaking act and the functional segment that it refers to is of the same nature as the relation between a feedback act and its trigger, so we use the same 'feedback dependence' relation to indicate this relation.

Dialogue fragment:
1. P1: engine E3 is going to pick up the bananas, back to Avon, dro...
2. P2: to pick up the oranges

DiAML annotation:

< diaml xmlns:"http://www.iso.org/diaml/">
< dialogueAct xml:id="da1" target="#fs1" 
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
   communicativeFunction="inform"  dimension="task"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da2"  target="#fs2"
  sender="#p2" addressee="#p1" 
  communicativeFunction="correctMisspeaking" 
  dimension="partnerCommunicationManagement"/>
< feedbackDependence dact= "#da2"  fbSegment="#fs1"/>
< /diaml>

Example 5
Example 5, taken from a dialogue in the AMI multi-party dialogue corpus, shows the use of a general-purpose function in the Turn Management dimension, and the annotation of a functional dependence relation.

Dialogue fragment and functional segments:
1. P1: Would you like to say something at this point? (= fs1)
2. P2: Certainly. (= fs2)

DiAML annotation:

< diaml xmlns:"http://www.iso.org/diaml/">
< dialogueAct xml:id="da1" target="#fs1" 
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="offer"  dimension="turnManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da2"   target="#fs2"
  sender="#p2" addressee="#p1" 
  communicativeFunction="acceptOffer" dimension="turnManagement"/>
< functionalDependence dact= "#da2"  functAntecedent="#fs1"/>
< /diaml>

Annotated human-computer dialogue

The dialogue which is analyzed here has been taken from the Schiphol corpus, which contains telephone dialogues with the information service at Schiphol, Amsterdam Airport. These dialogues were recorded in a Wizard-of-Oz experiment carried out at the Institute for Perception Research IPO in Eindhoven, and documented in Beun et al. (1978). OVIS corpus of telephone dialogues with an experimental system of the Dutch railways. The dialogues was originally in Dutch and has been translated into English.

The transcription of the dialogue is shown with its segmentation into functional segments. Segment boundaries are indicated by `$|$'. Horizontal lines have been added as turn separators for improved readability.

1. S:  good morning, $|$ 
       fs1.1 SOM InitialGreeting 
           this is the automatic information system of Public Transport Travel Information 
       fs1.2 SOM SelfIntroduction 
           this system can only give information about train travel. 
           fs1.3   Task  Inform 
           from which station to which station do you want to travel?
           fs1.4  Task  SetQuestion   
2.  U: from  Harwich to York.
           fs2 Task Answer   
3. S:  when do you want to travel from Harwich to York? 
           fs3.1 = ``when do you want to travel from Harwich to York" 
           fs3.2 = ``from Harwich to York" 
           fs3.1 Task SetQuestion  
           fs3.2 AutoFb autoPositive

4. U:   ehm... $|$ Monday evening
           fs4.1 TimeM Stalling 
           fs4.2 Task Answer   
5. S:   so you want to leave between eighteen 
           and twenty-four hours? 
           fs5 AutoFb CheckQuestion   
6. U:   ehm yes, $|$ Monday evening
           fs6.1 AlloFb Answer [uncertain]  
           fs6.2 AlloFb Inform   
7. S:   you said that you do not want to leave on Thursday April twenty-six 
           between eighteen and twenty-four hours, 
           fs7.1 AutoFb inform 
           can you please correct me? 
           fs7.2 AutoFb Request   
8. U:  yes $|$ I would like to leave on monday...
           fs8.1 AlloFb AcceptRequest 
           fs8.2 Task Inform
           April twenty-six. 
           fs8.3 Task Inform  
9. S:   what time do you want to travel the day after tomorrow? 
           fs9.1 = ``what time do you want to travel the day after tomorrow?" 
           fs2.2 = ``the day after tomorrow" 
           fs9.1 Task SetQuestion 
           fs9.2 AutoFb autoPositive   
10.U: at $|$ehm... $|$ around eight o'clock
          fs10.1: at [..] around eight o'clock 
          fs10.2 Task Answer 
          fs10.2 TimeM Stalling   
11.S: so you want to leave at eight o'clock in the morning? 
          fs11AutoFb CheckQuestion   
12.U: oh yes $|$ sorry $|$ eight o'clock in the  evening. 
           fs12.1 AutoFb Inform 
           fs12.2 SOM IApology 
           fs12.3 AlloFb Disconfirm   
13.S: so you want to leave at twenty o'clock? 
           fs13 AutoFb CheckQuestion   
14.U: yes
           fs14 AlloFb Confirm   
15.   I have found the following connection. 
           fs15.1 DiscourseStructuring InteractionStructuring
      Departure from Harwich at nineteen fifty-six arrival in London Waterloo 
      at twenty zero four,  continuing from there with the train departing
      at twenty forteen arrival in Birmingham Central at  twenty ten. 
      Continuing from there with the train departing at twenty sixteen
      arrival in York at twenty forty.  
           fs15.2 Task Answer 
      would you like me to repeat the connection once more? 
           fs15.3 AlloFb Offer   
16.U: oh no $|$ thank you
           fs16.1 AutoFb DeclineOffer
           fs16.2 SOM Thanking  
17.S: would you like to know another connection?  
           fs17 Task Offer   

18.U:do you have another connection? 
           fs18  Task PropositionalQuestion  
19.S: I will have a look for you
           fs19.1 TimeM Promise 
   .  no, I don't think that there is something earlier
           fs19.2  Task Answer [uncertain]   
20.U: is there an earlier possibility? 
           fs20  Task PropositionalQuestion  
21.S: I'm sorry $|$ there's no earlier possibility. 
           fs21.1 SOM Apology
           fs21.2  Task Answer  
22.U: thank you very much  
           fs22 SOM Thanking  
23.U: Public Transportation Information wishes you a pleasant journey
           fs23.1 SOM InitialGoodbye
      goodbye  
           fs23.2 SOM initialGoodbye

DiAML annotation

< diaml xmlns:"http://www.iso.org/diaml/"> 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da1" target="#fs1.1" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="initGreeting" 
  dimension="socialObligationsManagement"
< dialogueAct xml:id="da2"   target="#fs1.2"
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="selfIntroduction" 
  dimension="socialObligationsManagement"
< dialogueAct xml:id="da3" target="#fs1.3" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="inform"  dimension="task"
< dialogueAct xml:id="da4" target="#fs1.4" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="setQuestion"  dimension="task" 

< dialogueAct xml:id="da5" target="#fs2" 
  sender="#u" addressee="#s" 
  communicativeFunction="answer"  dimension="task"
< functionalDependence dact="#da5" functAntecedent="#da4"/> 
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da6" target="#fs3.1" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="setQuestion"  dimension="task"
< dialogueAct xml:id="da7" target="#fs3.2" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="autoPositive"  dimension="autoFeedback"
< feedbackDependence dact="#da7" fbSegment="#fs2"/> 
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da8" target="#fs4.1" 
  sender="#u" addressee="#s" 
  communicativeFunction="stalling"  dimension="timeManagement"
< dialogueAct xml:id="da9" target="#fs4.2" 
  sender="#u" addressee="#s" 
  communicativeFunction="answer"  dimension="task"
< functionalDependence dact="#da9" functAntecedent="#da7"/> 
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da10" target="#fs5" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="checkQuestion"  dimension="autoFeedback"
< feedbackDependence dact="#da10" fbSegment="#fs4.2"/> 
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da11" target="#fs6.1" 
  sender="#u" addressee="#s" 
  communicativeFunction="answer"  dimension="alloFeedback" 
  qualifier="uncertain"
< functionalDependence dact="#da11" functAntecedent="#da10"/> 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da12" target="#fs6.2" 
  sender="#u" addressee="#s" 
  communicativeFunction="inform"  dimension="alloFeedback" 
 < dialogueAct xml:id="da13" target="#fs7.1" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="checkQuestion"  dimension="autoFeedback"
< feedbackDependence dact="#da13" fbSegment="#fs6.2"/> 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da14" target="#fs7.2" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="request"  dimension="autoFeedback"
< feedbackDependence dact="#da14" fbSegment="#fs6.2"/>
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da15" target="#fs8.1" 
  sender="#u" addressee="#s" 
  communicativeFunction="acceptRequest"  dimension="alloFeedback"
< functionalDependence dact="#da15" functAntecedent="#da14"/> 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da16" target="#fs8.2" 
  sender="#u" addressee="#s" 
  communicativeFunction="inform"  dimension="task"
< dialogueAct xml:id="da17" target="#fs8.3" 
  sender="#u" addressee="#s" 
  communicativeFunction="inform"  dimension="task"
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da18" target="#fs9.1" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="setQuestion"  dimension="task"
< dialogueAct xml:id="da19" target="#fs9.2" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="autoPositive"  dimension="autoFeedback"
< feedbackDependence dact="#da18" fbSegment="#fs8.3"/>
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da20" target="#fs10.1" 
  sender="#u" addressee="#s" 
  communicativeFunction="answer"  dimension="task" 
< functionalDependence dact="#da20" functAntecedent="#da18"/> 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da21" target="#fs10.2" 
  sender="#u" addressee="#s" 
  communicativeFunction="stalling"  dimension="timeManagement"
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da22" target="#fs11" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="checkQuestion"  dimension="autoFeedback"
< feedbackDependence dact="#da22" fbSegment="#fs10.2"/>
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da23" target="#fs12.1" 
  sender="#u" addressee="#s" 
  communicativeFunction="inform"  dimension="autoFeedback" 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da24" target="#fs12.2" 
  sender="#u" addressee="#s" 
  communicativeFunction="apology"
   dimension="socialObligationsManagement" 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da25" target="#fs12.3" 
  sender="#u" addressee="#s" 
  communicativeFunction="disconfirm"  dimension="alloFeedback" 
< functionalDependence dact="#da25" functAntecedent="#da22"/> 

 < dialogueAct xml:id="da26" target="#fs13"  
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="checkQuestion"  dimension="autoFeedback"
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da27" target="#fs14" 
  sender="#u" addressee="#s" 
  communicativeFunction="confirm"  dimension="alloFeedback" 
< functionalDependence dact="#da27" functAntecedent="#da25"/> 
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da28" target="#fs15.1" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="interactionStructuring"
   dimension="discourseStructuring"
< dialogueAct xml:id="da29" target="#fs15.2" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="answer" dimension="task"
< dialogueAct xml:id="da30" target="#fs15.3" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="offer" dimension="alloFeedback"
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da31" target="#fs16.1" 
  sender="#u" addressee="#s" 
  communicativeFunction="declineOffer"  dimension="autoFeedback" 
< functionalDependence dact="#da31" functAntecedent="#da35"/> 

 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da32" target="#fs16.2" 
  sender="#u" addressee="#s" 
  communicativeFunction="thanking" 
  dimension="socialObligationsManagement"/> 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da33" target="#fs17" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="offer" dimension="task"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da34" target="#fs18" 
  sender="#u" addressee="#s" 
  communicativeFunction="propositionalQuestion"  dimension="task"/> 
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da35" target="#fs19.1" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="promise" dimension="timeManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da36" target="#fs19.2" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="answer" dimension="task"
  qualifier="uncertain"/>
< functionalDependence dact="#da36" functAntecedent="#da34"/> 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da37" target="#fs20"> 
  sender="#u" addressee="#s" 
  communicativeFunction="propositionalQuestion"  dimension="task"/> 
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da38" target="#fs21.1" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="apology"
  dimension="socialObligationsManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da39" target="#fs21.2" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="answer" dimension="task"/>
< functionalDependence dact="#da39" functAntecedent="#da37"/> 
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da39" target="#fs22" 
  sender="#u" addressee="#s" 
  communicativeFunction="thanking" 
  dimension="socialObligationsManagement"/> 
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da40" target="#fs23.1" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="initGoodbye"
  dimension="socialObligationsManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da41" target="#fs23.2" 
  sender="#s" addressee="#u" 
  communicativeFunction="initGoodbye"
  dimension="socialObligationsManagement"/>
< /diaml>

Annotated Map Task dialogue (human-human)

The following excerpt from a dialogue in the HCRC Map Task corpus (Carletta et al., 1996), illustrates the occurrence of nonverbal and multimodal segments. There are several occurrences of heavy breathing (in or out) which may have a communicative meaning; in the transcription these are indicated by \sf VOC_intbreath and \sf VOC_outbreath, respectively, where the prefix \sf VOC_ indicates that this is a sample of vocal (nonverbal) behaviour. In turn 11 there is an occurrence of a lip smacking gesture, indicated in the transcription similarly by \sf LIPGES_lipsmack. In the latter case, the relevant functional segment of the sender's behaviour is multimodal, consisting of (1) a verbal segment, where the sender says \it erm in a very slow fashion, surrounded by periods of silence; (2) the smacking of the lips; and (3) heavily breathing in. This is an illustration of the phenomenon, discussed in section \refsec:segmentation, that a functional segment in general has several components consisting of sender behaviour in various communicative channels, together making up a multimodal unit. The encoding of functional segments is not part of the present standard, and may be determined by the particular annotation tool that is used, but might for example look as in (\refmm-segment). In this particular example the vocal (but nonverbal) behaviour and the charaterisation of lip gestures are described simply by named values; in other cases, like head gestures, the representation will be more complex and involve the representation of several features such as duration, direction, speed, and number of repetitions.

< functionalSegment xml:id="fs1"
  textSegment="#ts1" 
  vocalSegment="#vs1" 
  lipSegment="#ls1"/> 
< textSegment xml:id="ts1" from="w11.16" to="w11.17"/> 
< vocalSegment xml:id="vs1" value="inbreath"/>
< lipSegment xml:id="ls1" value="lipsmack"/>

Dialogue and funcctional segments

1. P1: okay, $|$ starting off, $|$ we are .. above .. a caravan park 
           fs1.1 TurnM: turnTake
                    DS: opening 
           fs1.2 DS: interactionStructuring 
            fs1.3 Task: inform
2. P2: mmhmm 
           fs2  autoFb autoPositive
3. P1: we are going to go due south $|$ NONVOC_noise ... $|$
                   #  $|$
           fs3.1 Task: inform 
           fs3.2  TimeM: stalling
                     TurnM: turnKeep    
            straight south $|$ ... and NONVOC_noise ...  $|$ 
                    then we're going to g--. 
           fs3.3 OCM: Self-Correction 
           fs3.4  TimeM: Stalling
                     TurnM: TurnKeep    
            fs3.5 Task: Instruct 
          fs3.6 \it g-- 
                     OCM: Retraction 
           .. turn straight back round and head north... past an old mill ... 
           on the right ... hand side 
           fs3.7: Task: Instruct 
4. P2: VOC_outbreath ... $|$ B due south and then back up again 
           fs4.1  TurnM: TurnTake    
           fs4.1  TimeM: Stalling   
           fs4.2  AutoFb: CheckQuestion   
5. P1: yeah $|$ south and then straight back up again 
           fs5.1 AlloFb: Confirm 
           fs5.2 Task: Instruct  
           with an old mill on the right 
           fs5.3 Task: Inform [Elaborate] 
           and you're going to pass on the left-hand side of the mill 
           fs5.4 Task: Instruct  
6. P2:  right okay 
           fs6 AutoFb: AutoPositive 
                  TurnM: TurnTake  
7. P1: okay $|$ and then | we're going to turn ... VOC_inbreath  east 
           fs7.1 = ``and then" 
           fs7.2 = ``we're going to turn east" 
           fs7.3 = ``turn ... VOC_inbreath" 
           fs7.1  AutoFb: AutoPositive 
                     TurnM: TurnGrab 
           fs7.2 Task: Instruct 
           fs7.3   TimeM: Stalling
                      TurnM: TurnKeep    
8. P2: mmhmm
           fs8  AutoFb: AutoPositive 
9. P1: not ... straight east  ... slightly sort of northeast $|$ ... 
           fs9.1 Task: Inform
           VOC_nonvocal ...
           fs9.2   TimeM: Stalling
                      TurnM: TurnKeep    
10.P2: s-- $|$ slightly northeast 
           fs10.1 TurnM: TurnGrab 
           fs10.2 AutoFb: CheckQuestion  
11.P1: slightly slightly yeah $|$ very slightly $|$ VOC_inbreath ... and 
           fs11.1 Task: Confirm 
           fs11.2 Task: Inform 
           fs11.3   TimeM: Stalling
                         TurnM: TurnKeep    
            we're going to continue straight along
           #... GES_lipsmack VOC_inbreath ... erm ... quite a wee distance
           fs11.4 = ``we're going to continue straight along quite a wee
                                                                         distance" 
           fs11.5 = ``... GES_lipsmack VOC_inbreath" 
           fs11.4 Task: Instruct 
           fs11.5  TimeM: Stalling
                         TurnM: TurnKeep
            on that course and then we're going to turn north again
           fs11.6 Task: Instruct 

12.P2: right $|$ mmhmm
           fs12.1  AutoFb: AutoPositive
           fs12.2  AutoFb: AutoPositive 
13.P1: NONVOC_noise and ... $|$ immediat-- $|$ well $|$ 
           fs13.1 TurnM: TurnTake 
                        TimeM: Stalling  
           fs13.2 OCM: Retraction
           fs13.3 TurnM: TunKeep  
           a distance below that turning point there's a fenced meadow 
           fs13.4 Task: Inform 
           $|$ ... VOC_inbreath ... $|$ but you should be avoiding that by quite 
           fs13.5   TimeM: Stalling
                         TurnM: TurnKeep    
           a distance
           fs13.6 Task: Instruct  
14.P2: okay
           fs14  AutoFb: AutoPositive 
15.P1: okay $|$ so we've turned $|$ and we're going up north again 
           fs15.1 AutoFb: AutoPositive
           fs15.2  Task: Inform  
           fs15.3 Task: Instruct

DiAML annotation

< diaml xmlns:"http://www.iso.org/diaml/"> 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da1" target="#fs1.1" 
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="turnTake"  dimension="turnManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da2"   target="#fs1.1"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="opening" dimension="discourseStructuring"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da3"   target="#fs1.2"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="interactionStructuring" 
   dimension="discourseStructuring"
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da4"   target="#fs1.3"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="inform"  dimension="task"/>
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da5"   target="#fs2"
  sender="#p2" addressee="#p1" 
  communicativeFunction="autoPositive"  dimension="autoFeedback"/>
< feedbackDependence dact= "#da5"  fbSegment="#fs1.3"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da6"   target="#fs3.1"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="inform"  dimension="task"/>

< dialogueAct xml:id="da7" target="#fs3.2" 
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="turnKeep"  dimension="turnManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da8"   target="#fs3.2"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="stalling" dimension="timeManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da9"   target="#fs3.3"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="selfCorrection" dimension="ownCommManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da10"   target="#fs3.4"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="stalling" dimension="timeManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da11" target="#fs3.4" 
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="turnKeep"  dimension="turnManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da12"   target="#fs3.5"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="instruct"  dimension="task"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da13"   target="#fs3.6"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="retraction"
  dimension="ownCommManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da14"   target="#fs3.7"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="instruct"  dimension="task"/>
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da15" target="#fs4.1" 
  sender="#p2" addressee="#p1" 
  communicativeFunction="turnTake"  dimension="turnManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da16"   target="#fs4.2"
  sender="#p2" addressee="#p1" 
  communicativeFunction="stalling" dimension="timeManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da17"   target="#fs4.3"
  sender="#p2" addressee="#p1" 
  communicativeFunction="checkQuestion" dimension="autoFeedback"/>
< feedbackDependence dact= "#da17"  fbSegment="#fs3.6"/>
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da18"   target="#fs5.1"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2`' 
  communicativeFunction="confirm"  dimension="alloFeedback"/> 
< functionalDependence dact= "#da18"  functAntecedent="#fs4.2"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da19"   target="#fs5.2"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="instruct"  dimension="task"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da20"   target="#fs5.3"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="inform"  dimension="task"/>
< rhetoricalLink dact="#da20" rhetRelatum="#da19" rhetoRel="elaborate"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da21"   target="#fs5.4"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="instruct"  dimension="task"/>
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da22"   target="#fs6"
  sender="#p2" addressee="#p1" 
  communicativeFunction="autoPositive"  dimension="autoFeedback"/>
< feedbackDependence dact= "#da23"  fbSegment="#fs5.4"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da22" target="#fs6" 
  sender="#p2" addressee="#p1" 
  communicativeFunction="turnTake"  dimension="turnManagement"/>
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da24"   target="#fs7.1"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="autoPositive"  dimension="autoFeedback"/>
< feedbackDependence dact= "#da24"  fbSegment="#fs6"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da25" target="#fs7.1" 
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="turnGrab"  dimension="turnManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da26"   target="#fs7.2"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="instruct"  dimension="task"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da27"   target="#fs7.3"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="stalling" dimension="timeManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da28" target="#fs7.3" 
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="turnKeep"  dimension="turnManagement"/>
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da29"   target="#fs8"
  sender="#p2" addressee="#p1" 
  communicativeFunction="autoPositive"  dimension="autoFeedback"/>
< feedbackDependence dact= "#da29"  fbSegment="#fs7.1"/>
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da30"   target="#fs9.1"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="inform"  dimension="task"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da31"   target="#fs9.2"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="stalling" dimension="timeManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da32" target="#fs9.2" 
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="turnKeep"  dimension="turnManagement"/>
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da33" target="#fs10.1" 
  sender="#p2" addressee="#p1" 
  communicativeFunction="turnGrab"  dimension="turnManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da34" target="#fs10.2" 
  sender="#p2" addressee="#p1" 
  communicativeFunction="checkQuestion"  dimension="autoFeedback"/>
< feedbackDependence dact34= "#da"  fbSegment="#fs9.1"/>
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da35"   target="#fs11.1"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="confirm"  dimension="alloFeedback"/>
< functionalDependence dact= "#da35"  functAntecedent="#da34"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da36"   target="#fs11.2"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="inform"  dimension="task"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da37"   target="#fs11.3"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="stalling" dimension="timeManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da38" target="#fs11.3" 
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="turnKeep"  dimension="turnManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da39"   target="#fs11.4"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="instruct"  dimension="task"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da40"   target="#fs11.5"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="instruct"  dimension="task"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da41"   target="#fs11.6"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="stalling" dimension="timeManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da42" target="#fs11.6" 
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="turnKeep"  dimension="turnManagement"/>

< dialogueAct xml:id="da43"   target="#fs12.1"
  sender="#p2" addressee="#p1" 
  communicativeFunction="autoPositive"  dimension="autoFeedback"/>
< feedbackDependence dact= "#da43"  fbSegment="#fs11.5"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da44"   target="#fs12.2"
  sender="#p2" addressee="#p1" 
  communicativeFunction="autoPositive"  dimension="autoFeedback"/>
< feedbackDependence dact= "#da44"  fbSegment="#fs11.5"/>
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da45" target="#fs13.1" 
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="turnTake"  dimension="turnManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da46" target="#fs13.1" 
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="stalling"  dimension="timeManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da47" target="#fs13.2" 
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="retraction"
   dimension="ownCommunicationManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da48" target="#fs13.3" 
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="turnKeep"  dimension="turnManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da49"   target="#fs13.4"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="inform"  dimension="task"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da50"   target="#fs13.5"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="stalling" dimension="timeManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da51" target="#fs13.5" 
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="turnKeep"  dimension="turnManagement"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da52"   target="#fs13.6"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="instruct"  dimension="task"/>
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da53"   target="#fs14"
  sender="#p2" addressee="#p1" 
  communicativeFunction="autoPositive"  dimension="autoFeedback"/>
< feedbackDependence dact= "#da53"  fbSegment="#fs13.6"/>
 
< dialogueAct xml:id="da55"   target="#fs15.1"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="autoPositive"  dimension="autoFeedback"/>
< feedbackDependence dact= "#da54"  fbSegment="#fs14"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da55"   target="#fs15.2"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="inform"  dimension="task"/>
< dialogueAct xml:id="da56"   target="#fs15.3"
  sender="#p1" addressee="#p2" 
  communicativeFunction="instruct"  dimension="task"/>
< /diaml>

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